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本帖最后由 Hermes 于 2009-9-13 20:04 编辑
Easterling是当代学者,她的观点也许能代表目前的通说吧:...tragedy developed out of performances by a chorus, in which one performer(the poet himself ) was set apart from the rest of the group and took on a series of different roles. Aeschylus introduced a second performer to share the acting... 看来她并没有觉得亚里士多德的说法有问题。他这里说到的这种“演出”(performance)应该就是指Thespis首创的那种,维基百科Thespis的词条说
In other sources, he is said to have introduced the first principal actor in addition to the chorus.……Thespis supposedly introduced a new style in which one singer or actor performed the words of individual characters in the stories, distinguishing between the characters with the aid of different masks.
这里提到Thespis引进的“演员”的特点,即他一个人藉面具之助扮演两个以上不同的角色。这也与王焕生先生的说法,即Thespis“首先采用第一个演员与歌队一起表演”吻合。既然Easterling说这个演员是由诗人(tragoidos)扮演的,那么他就既是tragoidos也是hupokrites。埃斯库罗斯引进的第二个演员就纯粹只是hupokrites。但罗念生为什么说“第二个演员实际上是第三个演员”,莫非他是把歌队长也当作演员?但是歌队长这个人不可能扮演两个以上角色,所以他其实不符合演员的定义。那么这第三个演员又是从哪里来呢?陈中梅又说Thespis第一个把歌队长变成hupokrites,就更乱了。 |
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