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How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is
/ To have a thankless child!
—Act i. Sc. 4.
William
Shakespeare
在许多人眼里 king lear的悲剧性在于他对他女儿们的轻信
在于king lear的老糊涂 是一部典型的命运悲剧
而在我看来 king lear的悲剧更多的是一种性格的悲剧
且先不论戏剧中是否有交代king lear的性格
我们也不难从书中的各个细节中找出蛛丝马迹
Lear. Meantime we shall express our darker purpose. 20
Give me the map there. Know that we have divided
In three our kingdom; and ’tis our fast intent
To shake all cares and business from our age,
Conferring them on younger strengths, while we 24
Unburden’d crawl toward death. Our son of Cornwall,
And you, our no less loving son of Albay,
We have this hour a constant will to publish
Our daughtes’ several dowers, that future strife 28
May be prevented now. The princes, France and Burgundy,
Great rivals in our youngest daughter’s love,
Long in our court have made their amorous sojourn,
And here are to be answer’d. Tell me, my daughters,— 32
Since now we will divest us both of rule,
Interest of territory, cares of state,—
Which of you shall we say doth love us most?
That we our largest bounty may extend 36
Where nature doth with merit challenge. Goneril,
Our eldest-born, speak first. ---------------------Act I. Scene I.
此处为Lear的过分自大 爱摆谱的体现
Lear: Blow, winds, and crack your cheeks! rage! blow!
You cataracts and hurricanoes, spout 4
Till you have drench’d our steeples, drown’d the cocks!
You sulphurous and thought-executing fires,
Vaunt-couriers to oak-cleaving thunderbolts,
Singe my white head! And thou, all-shaking thunder, 8
Strike flat the thick rotundity o’ the world!
Crack nature’s moulds, all germens spill at once
That make ingrateful man! ------------------Act III. Scene II.
此处不难看出king lear的懊悔之情 但这是他的性格造成的悲剧(也有人说可归结于命运 在此我暂且妥协)
若无king lear性格中的不拘小节的一面 就没有他被他的两个女儿迫害的那一刻
正如题记所述
How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is
/ To have a thankless child! (friends)(括号中为本人擅自杜撰)
对此深有感触(曾遭朋友背叛...........但现在依旧相信朋友)
莎翁用一连串的修辞唱出king lear的悔恨
“吹把,风啊!吹破你的脸颊,猛烈的吹把!你瀑布一样的倾盆大雨,尽管倾泻下来,直到淹没我们教堂的尖顶和房上的风信标把!你思想一样迅捷的硫磺电火,劈开橡树的巨雷的先驱,烧焦我的白发把!你,震撼一切的霹雳啊,把这粗壮的圆地球击平了把!打碎造物的模型,一下子散尽摧毁制造忘恩负义的人类的种子把!”
直至最后时刻 king lear与CORDELIA相遇后
Lear: Where have I been? Where am I? Fair day-light?
I am mightily abus’d. I should even die with pity
To see another thus. I know not what to say.
I will not swear these are my hands: let’s see; 64
I feel this pin prick. Would I were assur’d
Of my condition!
从这三段中不难看出king lear的性格缺陷:爱摆谱 爱听好话(哪怕是唯心的阿谀) 爱显示自己能力
太高调 不听别人的忠言劝告
再到后来的迷茫时的白无聊赖 在被女儿们迫害时的敢怒不敢言 而无济于事
正是这样的性格造就了king lear的悲剧效果 所以我说king lear是一部性格悲剧而非命运悲剧
希望大家一起讨论下 |
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